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Indonesian, known locally as Bahasa Indonesia, is the official language of Indonesia and a linguistic symbol of unity in a country renowned for its vast archipelago with more than 17,000 islands. Emerging from a trading language, Malay, its history is inevitably tied to the region's diverse trade networks and colonial past under Dutch rule. The widespread use of Malay as a lingua franca among traders across the Southeast Asian archipelago led to a standardized version being adopted in 1928 as the official language of Indonesia, a crucial step towards Indonesian independence.
One of the unique features of Indonesian is its status as a relatively young language, both in its standardized form and its role as a unifier among the people of Indonesia, a nation with over 700 local languages. In a sense, Indonesian acts as a second language for many citizens, which has shaped its development and structure. The language is relatively simpler in grammar compared to many other languages – it has no grammatical gender or complex tense structures, and it employs a straightforward subject-verb-object word order.
Indonesian borrows heavily from other languages, including Sanskrit, Arabic, Portuguese, Dutch, and various Austronesian languages, reflecting the country's historical interactions and multicultural tapestry. This has made for a rich vocabulary with layers of cultural influence. However, it also uses affixation extensively, adding prefixes, suffixes, infixes, and confixes to root words to change their meaning, which can be a distinctive and complex aspect of Indonesian grammar.
The language's orthography underwent significant changes in the 20th century, with the notable "Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan" or the Enhanced Spelling System implemented in 1972 to replace the previously Dutch-influenced system. This reform streamlined spelling and made it more reflective of the language's phonology.
Indonesian is not just a mode of communication, but also a key to understanding the nation's culture and literature. A language of unity amidst diversity, Indonesian beautifully encapsulates the national motto, "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika," which translates as "Unity in Diversity."
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